{"id":588,"date":"2017-07-27T01:47:28","date_gmt":"2017-07-27T01:47:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uscictdialdev.wpenginepowered.com\/?page_id=588"},"modified":"2017-07-27T01:47:28","modified_gmt":"2017-07-27T01:47:28","slug":"brat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dialport.ict.usc.edu\/index.php\/resources\/annotation-tools\/brat\/","title":{"rendered":"Brat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/brat.nlplab.org\/index.html\">About<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Brat is designed in particular for\u00a0<i>structured<\/i>\u00a0annotation, where the notes are not freeform text but have a fixed form that can be automatically processed and interpreted by a computer.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The following screenshot shows a simple example where a sentence has been annotated to identify mentions of some real-world entities (things) and their types, and a relation between two.<\/p>\n<div class=\"image\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/brat.nlplab.org\/img\/annotation-example.png\" alt=\"example annotation\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption\">Example annotations (following in part the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iad\/mig\/tests\/ace\/2005\/\">ACE 2005<\/a>\u00a0entity and relation annotation guidelines)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>This example illustrates two basic categories of annotation:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>text span<\/b>\u00a0annotations, such as those marked with the\u00a0<span class=\"tt\">Organization<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0<span class=\"tt\">Person<\/span>\u00a0types in the example<\/li>\n<li><b>relation<\/b>\u00a0annotations, such as the\u00a0<span class=\"tt\">Family<\/span>\u00a0relation in the example<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The simple typed text span category is suitable for creating annotations for\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Named-entity_recognition\">named entity recognition<\/a>, and binary relations for simple relational\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_extraction\">information extraction<\/a>\u00a0tasks, among others.<\/p>\n<p>Brat also supports the annotation of\u00a0<b><i>n<\/i>-ary associations<\/b>\u00a0that can link together any number of other annotations participating in specific roles. This category of annotation can be used for example for\u00a0<i>event annotation<\/i>, such as\u00a0<span class=\"tt\">TRANSFER<\/span>\u00a0in the following example:<\/p>\n<div class=\"image\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/brat.nlplab.org\/img\/event-example.png\" alt=\"example annotation\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption\">Example annotations (following in part the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iad\/mig\/tests\/ace\/2005\/\">ACE 2005<\/a>\u00a0entity, relation and event annotation guidelines)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The detailed types and properties of other annotations can be further specified through the use of\u00a0<b>attributes<\/b>\u00a0that can be set on annotations, for example marking an event as being factual or speculative, or marking an entity mention as referring to a group or an individual.<\/p>\n<p>To allow the unique identification of the real-world entities referred to by specific text expressions, brat supports also\u00a0<b>normalization<\/b>\u00a0annotations (brat v1.3 (Crunchy Frog) and newer) that associate other annotations with entries in resources such as Wikipedia:<\/p>\n<div class=\"image\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/brat.nlplab.org\/img\/normalization-example.png\" alt=\"example annotation\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption\">Information popup for normalized annotation showing information from Wikipedia (image \u00a9 Andr\u00e9s Monroy, licensed CC-BY-SA)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Finally, although not a primary focus of the tool, brat does also allow freeform text &#8220;<b>notes<\/b>&#8221; to be added to an annotation.<\/p>\n<p>The applied categories of annotations, their types, and the\u00a0<b>constraints<\/b>\u00a0regarding their use (for example, that a\u00a0<span class=\"tt\">Family<\/span>\u00a0relation must always connect annotations of the\u00a0<span class=\"tt\">Person<\/span>\u00a0type) are all fully configurable, allowing brat to be applied to nearly any text annotation task.<\/p>\n<p>Brat also implements a number of features relying on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natural_language_processing\">natural language processing<\/a>\u00a0techniques to support human annotation efforts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About Brat is designed in particular for\u00a0structured\u00a0annotation, where the notes are not freeform text but have a fixed form that can be automatically processed and interpreted by a computer. &nbsp; The following screenshot shows a simple example where a sentence has been annotated to identify mentions of some real-world entities (things) and their types, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":587,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-588","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialport.ict.usc.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialport.ict.usc.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialport.ict.usc.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialport.ict.usc.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialport.ict.usc.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=588"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dialport.ict.usc.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/588\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialport.ict.usc.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialport.ict.usc.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}